Tuesday, March 15, 2011
Thursday, August 13, 2009
ஒத்துழையாமை இயக்கம் 2009- 2020
இந்தியா வெரும் வார்த்தையோ நாடோ அல்ல. இது உலக கலாச்சாரத்தின் முன்னோடி, வாழ்க்கை நெறிமுறைகளின் தாயகம், மனித குலத்தின் மானம். எல்லாவற்றிக்கும் மேலே இது நாமிருக்கும் வீடு. இங்கோ ஊழல், வருமை, வன்முறை என்ற அரக்கர்களே ஆண்டுகொண்டிருகின்றது நம்மை.இவைகளுக்கு எதிராக இயக்கமே ஒத்துழையாமை இயக்கம் 2009- 2020. இயக்கத்தில் தலைவனில்லை,உறுப்பினர்கட்டணம் இல்லை, கட்சித்தாவல் கிடையாது, செய்யவேண்டியது ஒன்றுதான் கீழே உள்ளவற்றை படிப்பது மட்டுமே.
1.லஞ்சம் வாங்கவோ கொடுக்கவோ மாட்டேன்.
2.ஊழலளுக்கு துனைபோகமாட்டேன்.
3.வருமைக்கு காரணமான இருக்கமாட்டேன்.(நான் குறுக்கு வழியில் சம்மாதிக்கும் பணமானது அடுத்தவரின் உழைப்பினால் நான் பெருவதாகும் எனவே வருமைக்கு காரணமாக இருக்கமாட்டேன்)
Non Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements
In pursuance of his struggle for justice or Satyagraha, Gandhi accepted two 'tools' or methods which were based on complete non- violence. Non Cooperation was passive where civil disobedience was active and almost revolutionary. The non co-operation movement aimed at bringing the government to a stand still, by withdrawing every support to administration. The civil disobedience movement was planned to paralyze the government by mass support by undertaking acts which the British government considered illegal but were protests against exploitative and suppressive measures.
The "Non Cooperation Movement" (a.k.a. "Asahakar") in 1920's included surrender of titles, resignation from nominated seats in local government bodies, boycott of government educational institutions, law courts and foreign goods. Swadeshi also was included later.
The civil disobedience was organized against repressive laws. Gandhi, supported by Congress had started the agitation for reduction in land revenue, abolition of salt tax, cutting down military expenditure and levying duty on foreign cloth etc. But the British Government did not agree. They thought these were ' populist' schemes to win over different sections of the society.
Hence Civil Disobedience was launched in 1930, which is known as Salt Satyagraha or Dandi March. Salt law was broken, Gandhi was arrested along with his followers. It stirred the whole nation. Almost all the coastal towns witnessed breaking salt law.
Side by side, the Jungle Satyagraha ( breaking forest rules, cutting trees) started, as also no-tax campaign. The tax levied was too high, varying from 22% to 60%. The Bardoli Satyagraha started under the leadership of Vallabhai Patel which won him the title of "Sardar" or "The General". The government had to bow before popular resistance.
Karnataka was in the fore front in the Salt Satyagraha, Jungle Satyagraha and No-tax campaign. Bombay presidency (Gujarat and four districts of Karnataka were part of it). Uttar Pradesh Presedency and Madras Presidency were leading in the agitations.
This campaign reached the far off province of North West. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan emerged as the leader of Pathan community. His Khuda Khidmatgar (servants of God) became an organization completely based on non-violence. The fiery tempered Pathans exhibited such restraint and self confidence that they set an example to the whole nation.
The role of women in all these movements was outstanding. They were in the fore front of Civil disobedience. They excelled as speakers, marchers, picketers and tireless volunteers. Famous among them were Mani Ben Patel, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Kamala Nehru, Durgabai, Bharati Devi Ranga and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya.
The whole country was united as never before under Gandhiji's leadership. He was a shrewd judge of men and events. All the lieutenants he chose became national leaders: C.R. Das, the Bose brothers, Abdul Kalam Azad, the Nehrus, Patel brothers, Rajendra Prasad, Acharya Kriplani, Dr. Ansari, C. Rajagopalachari, T. Prakashan, V.O. Chidambaram and a score of others.
by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
First Online: July 17,2005
The "Non Cooperation Movement" (a.k.a. "Asahakar") in 1920's included surrender of titles, resignation from nominated seats in local government bodies, boycott of government educational institutions, law courts and foreign goods. Swadeshi also was included later.
The civil disobedience was organized against repressive laws. Gandhi, supported by Congress had started the agitation for reduction in land revenue, abolition of salt tax, cutting down military expenditure and levying duty on foreign cloth etc. But the British Government did not agree. They thought these were ' populist' schemes to win over different sections of the society.
Hence Civil Disobedience was launched in 1930, which is known as Salt Satyagraha or Dandi March. Salt law was broken, Gandhi was arrested along with his followers. It stirred the whole nation. Almost all the coastal towns witnessed breaking salt law.
Side by side, the Jungle Satyagraha ( breaking forest rules, cutting trees) started, as also no-tax campaign. The tax levied was too high, varying from 22% to 60%. The Bardoli Satyagraha started under the leadership of Vallabhai Patel which won him the title of "Sardar" or "The General". The government had to bow before popular resistance.
Karnataka was in the fore front in the Salt Satyagraha, Jungle Satyagraha and No-tax campaign. Bombay presidency (Gujarat and four districts of Karnataka were part of it). Uttar Pradesh Presedency and Madras Presidency were leading in the agitations.
This campaign reached the far off province of North West. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan emerged as the leader of Pathan community. His Khuda Khidmatgar (servants of God) became an organization completely based on non-violence. The fiery tempered Pathans exhibited such restraint and self confidence that they set an example to the whole nation.
The role of women in all these movements was outstanding. They were in the fore front of Civil disobedience. They excelled as speakers, marchers, picketers and tireless volunteers. Famous among them were Mani Ben Patel, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Kamala Nehru, Durgabai, Bharati Devi Ranga and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya.
The whole country was united as never before under Gandhiji's leadership. He was a shrewd judge of men and events. All the lieutenants he chose became national leaders: C.R. Das, the Bose brothers, Abdul Kalam Azad, the Nehrus, Patel brothers, Rajendra Prasad, Acharya Kriplani, Dr. Ansari, C. Rajagopalachari, T. Prakashan, V.O. Chidambaram and a score of others.
by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
First Online: July 17,2005
Non-cooperation movement
The Non-cooperation movement (ஒத்துழையாமை இயக்கம்), was the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. The Movement opened the Gandhi Era in the Indian Independence Movement and took place from September 1920 until February 1922.
The Rowlatt Acts were legislation that imposed authoritarian restrictions upon Indian people. The notion of habeas corpus was discarded, and the police and army were empowered to search and seize property, and detain and arrest any Indian without the slightest need for evidence. Promulgated by the British Parliament, the Viceroy and the Imperial Legislative Council, they were to be enforced on April 6, 1919.
Furthermore, many Indians were already infuriated by the British authorities' decision to send Indian soldiers to World War I without the slightest consultation with the Indian people in any manner or form.
The calls of liberal and moderate political leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak for Home Rule were accompanied only by petitions and major public meetings. They never resulted in disorder or obstruction of government services.
The Rowlatt Acts were legislation that imposed authoritarian restrictions upon Indian people. The notion of habeas corpus was discarded, and the police and army were empowered to search and seize property, and detain and arrest any Indian without the slightest need for evidence. Promulgated by the British Parliament, the Viceroy and the Imperial Legislative Council, they were to be enforced on April 6, 1919.
Furthermore, many Indians were already infuriated by the British authorities' decision to send Indian soldiers to World War I without the slightest consultation with the Indian people in any manner or form.
The calls of liberal and moderate political leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak for Home Rule were accompanied only by petitions and major public meetings. They never resulted in disorder or obstruction of government services.
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